Hyperuricemia can also cause kidney stones. It is also linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, and may aggravate type 2 diabetes. Hyperuricemia is a relatively rare condition because most people are able to excrete all the excess uric acid that their body generates. It occurs mostly in people with a hereditary tendency for the condition, i. Only occasionally is it caused by other conditions such as renal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, intake of certain drugs, or excessive intake of purine-rich foods or alcohol.
Hence, the admonition against eating high purine food to prevent arthritis does not apply to everybody. It only applies to people who have the inability to excrete the excess uric acid that their body produces.
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The breakdown of purines is responsible for about 15 percent of the uric acid in the body. When levels of uric acid exceed the amount that the body can process, the acid can form crystals in the blood. These can cause gout , kidney stones , and other issues. A low-purine diet helps to minimize the number of purines in the body and reduce the amount of uric acid in the blood.
There are two key parts of a successful low-purine diet. The first involves recognizing and avoiding foods that contain high levels of purines. Uric acid crystals can form kidney stones or cause gout if they build up in the joints and tendons.
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians , a low-purine diet can lower the levels of uric acid in the bloodstream and reduce the risk of severe complications. People with high levels of uric acid in the blood have a condition called hyperuricemia, and a low-purine diet can help. A person should significantly limit or avoid the following foods to help the body process purines more effectively:.
While a low-purine diet can help to prevent kidney stones or flare-ups of gout, the diet is not a cure for either condition. A person should discuss further treatment options with a doctor. Medication can also help to lower chronically high uric acid levels. Two common drugs that doctors prescribe are probenecid and allopurinol. These medications can regulate uric acid levels in the long term. A low-purine diet cannot ease a gout flare-up while it is happening, but over-the-counter medications, such as naproxen Aleve , can help.
Prescription-strength treatments are also available. There is also scientific evidence that the Mediterranean diet may lower levels of uric acid. If you want to include some animal protein in your diet, only a moderate amount is recommended. A typical serving of meat is 3 ounces and fish is 4 ounces. Gout-friendly recipes either contain none of these animal proteins or have amounts that are small enough to help you stay close to only 1 to 2 servings daily or include meatless days.
Animal proteins are high in purines. While these proteins are lower in purines than the ones in the previous list, you should still attempt to limit your intake of all animal protein to 3 to 6 ounces per day, which is 1 to 2 servings. Alcohol disrupts the removal of uric acid from the body.
Normally, purines would break down into uric acid and get flushed out of the body through urine. However, this process is interrupted when uric acid levels get too high. Crystals form around the joints, and gout develops. Keep in mind that you should avoid alcohol altogether unless your doctor says otherwise.
Gout-friendly recipes take these alcohol restrictions into account as well. High intake of fructose and sugary foods may have an effect on uric acid levels in the body. One reason is sugar and sweets are higher in calories and linked to obesity , a known risk factor for gout. This is because uric acid is one of the byproducts of fructose metabolism.
Evidence has shown consuming high amounts of fructose may increase uric acid levels in the blood. Increasing your daily water intake and cutting soft drink and soda consumption will help to flush your body of uric acid and prevent the formation of kidney stones. Make room instead for healthier, gout-friendly foods such as plant-based proteins and low-fat dairy products.
Refined carbohydrates include:. All gout-friendly recipes either have no refined carbs or only include them in very small amounts. A low-purine diet can help lower uric acid levels and work to prevent symptoms of gout. Beans and legumes are excellent protein sources.
Eating these plant-based sources can help you meet your daily protein needs , while cutting the saturated fat found in high-purine, animal-based proteins. Some people find that dairy may increase their gout symptoms, while others experience a decrease in uric acid levels with low-fat dairy intake.
Many plant-based milk alternatives are available if you need to avoid dairy. Vitamin C-rich foods , such as cherries , show some evidence of potentially reducing gout attacks. Interestingly, studies have not shown high-purine vegetables to increase gout attacks. Furthermore, vegetables are high in fiber and low in calories, which can help you manage your weight.
However, being mindful of iron intake may be beneficial for those with gout. Most bioavailable iron is found in meat sources, but plant-based iron foods may have a negative effect on gout. You may safely indulge in these high-purine veggies :. In addition to following a gout diet, your doctor will likely recommend regular exercise and weight loss. In many cases, this can help to control gout more than a low-purine diet can.
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