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Popular Courses. Who Was Vladimir Lenin? Lenin was the son of a well-off, upper-middle class family who rose to power by exploiting the dissatisfaction of the urban working poor and rural peasants. Lenin's revolution, the resulting civil war and famines, and the brutal domestic repression that he led against dissidents and scapegoats directly led to the deaths of over 8 million citizens of the Russian Empire, many by starvation, torture, or summary execution.
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Related Terms What Is Communism? Communism is an ideology that advocates a classless system in which the means of production are owned communally. Great Leap Forward Definition The Great Leap Forward was an economic campaign in the late s to evolve China from an agrarian economy to an industrial one that ended in disaster.
Marxism: Theory, Effects, and Examples Marxism is a set of social, political, and economic theories created and espoused by Karl Marx that became a prominent school of socialist thought. Price Scissors Definition A Price scissors is a sustained divergence in the prices of different goods or classes of goods. With his health in obvious decline, Lenin turned his thoughts to how the newly formed USSR would be governed after he was gone.
Increasingly, he saw a party and government that had strayed far from its revolutionary goals. In early he issued what came to be called as his Testament, in which a regretful Lenin expressed remorse over the dictatorial power that dominated Soviet government.
He was particularly disappointed with Joseph Stalin, the general secretary of the Communist Party, who had begun to amass great power. Nearly 10 months later, on January 21, , he passed away in the village now known as Gorki Leninskiye.
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Vladimir Putin served as president of Russia from to and was re-elected to the presidency in He previously served as Russia's prime minister. He was exiled and later assassinated by Soviet agents.
Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of death and terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism.
Peter the Great was a Russian czar in the late 17th century, who is best known for his extensive reforms in an attempt to establish Russia as a great nation. Ivan the Terrible was the first tsar of all Russia. During his reign, he acquired vast amounts of land through ruthless means, creating a centrally controlled government. Anastasia was the daughter of the last Russian tsar, Nicholas II. After she and her family were executed, rumors claimed that she might have survived.
Mikhail Gorbachev was the first president of the Soviet Union, serving from to He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his leadership role in ending the Cold War and promoting peaceful international relations. Like many of his contemporaries, he was arrested and exiled to Siberia, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his Siberian exile, Lenin - the pseudonym he adopted in - spent most of the subsequent decade and a half in western Europe, where he emerged as a prominent figure in the international revolutionary movement and became the leader of the 'Bolshevik' faction of the Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party.
In , exhausted by World War One, Russia was ripe for change. Assisted by the Germans, who hoped that he would undermine the Russian war effort, Lenin returned home and started working against the provisional government that had overthrown the tsarist regime. He eventually led what was soon to be known as the October Revolution, but was effectively a coup d'etat.
Almost three years of civil war followed. The Bolsheviks were victorious and assumed total control of the country.
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